ADHD: Understanding Your Child's Small Signs
Min Jung KwonHello, I am BCBA Park Hye-ji .
ADHD, or Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, is a developmental disorder that can affect a child's daily life. Many people misunderstand ADHD as a condition characterized by high energy, but behind it are difficulties with concentration and self-regulation. This post will cover the DSM-5 criteria. ADHD What is it , and May appear Main Symptoms about To find out do .
What is ADHD ?
ADHD stands for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. reduced In words Attention Deficiency and excess Due to behavioral disorder Called , the most It is one of the common diagnoses. Although it is written as ' disability ' in translation , ADHD Disability It means ' the name of a disease ' and does not provide legal protection or benefits.
In the 1980s, rather than ADHD, With ADD first Officially It was known that in the 1990s, the United States The psychiatric association calls it ADD . Diagnosis Don't use it Not ADHD (1) Attention lack Dominant type (ADHD-I), (2) Hyperactive - impulsive They began to categorize ADHD into (1) predominant type (ADHD-HI), (2) mixed type (ADHD-C) , and (3) non-differentiable type (ADHD-NOS) . And in 2013, the age of onset for ADHD was revised from 7 to 12 years old in DSM-5.
ADHD's Symptoms
With ADHD diagnosis Received Children To the stimulus About Optional They have difficulty concentrating , struggle to focus for long periods of time, and their behavior is often resistant to correction. They tend to act before thinking, speak and act excessively, and sometimes struggle to control their impulses to act impulsively, despite understanding and understanding rules. For these reasons, children with ADHD often have high activity levels .
ADHD is Infancy Even at times everyday Action or As a habit May appear :
- Unable to suckle
- Whining while eating and need to eat small amounts several times
- Sleeping very little or waking up frequently when you do sleep
- Frequently throwing tantrums, sulking, and fidgeting
- Excessive thumb sucking
- The act of banging the head and shaking the body back and forth
- gear Danil Poetry, constantly wandering around
- Shows very irregular routines such as sleeping and feeding
DSM-5 diagnosis standard
So how does the DSM-5 diagnose ADHD ? It broadly categorizes it into five categories.
1) Persistent inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity that interferes with functioning or development
Carelessness :
Six or more of the following nine symptoms must persist for at least six months to a degree that is inconsistent with the child's developmental level and directly negatively impacts social, academic, or occupational functions . These symptoms must not be solely due to oppositional defiant behavior, hostility, or failure to understand tasks or instructions. For older adolescents or adults, at least five symptoms must be present.
- Often fails to give close attention to details or makes careless mistakes in schoolwork, work, or other activities
Example) Missing or overlooking details. Inaccurate work.
- Often has difficulty sustaining attention during tasks or play
- Difficulty maintaining focus when reading long texts
- Often appears not to listen when others speak directly to them
- Often fails to complete instructions and fails to complete schoolwork, chores, or duties at work.
- Often has difficulty organizing tasks and activities
- Often avoids, dislikes, or resists engaging in tasks that require sustained mental effort
- Often loses things needed for activities or homework
- Often easily distracted by external stimuli
- Often forgets routine activities
Example) Running errands, keeping promises, etc.
Hyperactivity-Impulsivity: Six or more of the following symptoms must have persisted for six months to a degree that is maladaptive and inconsistent with developmental level . These symptoms must not be accompanied by oppositional defiant behavior, hostility, or failure to follow tasks or instructions. At least five symptoms must be present in later adolescents or adults.
Hyperactivity symptoms
- Often fidgets with hands and feet, cannot sit still, or squirms while sitting in a chair
- Often leaves one's seat in a classroom or other situation where remaining seated is required.
- Often runs around or climbs excessively in inappropriate situations
- Often unable to quietly engage in leisure activities or play
- Often acts “ on the go ” or as if “ driven by something ”
- Often speaks excessively
Impulsive symptoms
- Often answers hastily before the question is even finished
- Often can't wait their turn
- Often interrupts and interferes with the activities of others
2) Some inattention or hyperactivity-impulsivity has been present since before age 12.
3) Several inattentive or hyperactive-impulsive symptoms are present in two or more settings (e.g., home-work, friends - relatives).
4) There is clear evidence that the symptoms interfere with or reduce the quality of social, academic, or occupational functioning.
5) The symptoms do not occur exclusively during the course of a pervasive developmental disorder, schizophrenia, or another psychotic disorder, and are not better explained by another mental disorder.
ADHD's category
Although most children tend to exhibit symptoms of both inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity, some children may exhibit one symptom pattern more predominantly.
|
Compound type |
Meeting both diagnostic criteria 1) inattention and 2) hyperactivity-impulsivity for the past 6 months |
|
attention deficit disorder dominant type |
Meeting diagnostic criteria for 1) inattention but not 2) hyperactivity-impulsivity in the past 6 months |
|
Hyperactive-impulsive dominant type |
Meeting diagnostic criteria 2) Hyperactivity-Impulsivity but not 1) Inattention for the past 6 months |
Severity
|
hardness |
The symptoms rarely exceed the level that would meet the current diagnosis, and the symptoms do not cause more than mild impairment in social, academic, or occupational functioning. |
|
Severity |
Symptoms or functional impairment are between mild and severe |
|
altitude |
Have multiple or severe symptoms that exceed the level required for a diagnosis , or have symptoms that cause marked impairment in social or occupational functioning |
Is it ADHD? Are you gifted ?
Kim Kyung-eun, A study by Lee Shin-dong (2014) also showed that gifted children can be mistakenly diagnosed as having ADHD . Therefore, ADHD and The gifted ones In the characteristics You need to know about it I said I would It is stated .
Carelessness
ADHD's Carelessness is several In the situation Continuously But it appears Youngjae's Carelessness is specific Only in circumstances Limitedly It appears Therefore , the DSM-5 states that ADHD symptoms must be present in two or more situations to be diagnosed with ADHD in a child.
Attention
It's important to distinguish between ADHD symptoms and attention problems in gifted students. ADHD typically involves difficulty focusing, regardless of the type or interest of the task. Gifted students, on the other hand, exhibit creative tendencies and a wide range of interests, sometimes losing interest in one area and shifting their focus to another. Gifted students may exhibit unrelated behavior or attention problems when their intellectual needs or curiosity aren't met, or when they lack interest in the task.
Sociality
While ADHD is characterized by aggressive behavior and extreme emotional swings, making it difficult to interact with peers, gifted children exhibit social difficulties due to their asynchronous development. Gifted children may appear aggressive due to their tendency to lecture peers or to speak out and point out mistakes.
ADHD I understand With a child together Growing up
Today we took the time to learn about ADHD, which is classified according to the long and complex DSM-5 criteria . ADHD is A child's life can present many challenges, but within them, there are also unique strengths and potential.
Although they have difficulty with attention and impulse control, children with ADHD are curious and eager to explore new things. Alone No With my parents The child together Solve it Can go out Because it is a journey, the greatest thing we can do as parents is to understand our children, grow together, and discover new possibilities.
When you have difficulties, Everbloom On the Path Please contact us. I hope you have a happy day with your child today :)