Visual Aid Tools: Understanding and Using First-Then and If-Then Boards

Today we're going to learn about First-Then or If-Then boards, visual guides that help you understand and follow the order of activities or tasks.

This visual support tool is widely used in schools, hospitals, and clinics, and is particularly useful for children with executive function difficulties, such as those with autism spectrum disorder or ADHD, or behavioral problems.

The Origin and Principles of First-Then Boards

The First-Then board has its roots in the Premack Principle, developed by psychologist David Premack in 1959.

This principle is a technique frequently used in ABA, suggesting that a highly preferred activity (a high-probability behavior) can be used to reinforce a less preferred activity (a low-probability behavior).

For example, if you suggest, "If you study the alphabet (a low-preference activity), you can play with blocks (a high-preference activity)," the child will be more likely to engage in the low-preference activity. The First-Then board is a tool that puts this principle into practice, visually demonstrating the order of tasks and rewards.

*How it works*

1. Visual support

Many individuals, especially those with autism or ADHD, process visual information more effectively than verbal information. First-Then boards help them leverage their strengths by visually establishing expectations.

2. Positive reinforcement

Reinforce positive behavior by immediately rewarding the "Then" activity upon completion of the "First" task. This process increases the likelihood of repeating the desired behavior.

3. Task breakdown

Breaking down complex tasks or activities into smaller, more manageable steps reduces the burden. This is especially effective when tasks feel overwhelming and daunting.

4. Cognitive Anchoring

Visual aids provide cognitive reference points, help you focus on the task, and maintain the anticipation of the rewards you'll receive upon completing the task.

5. Consistency and routine formation

With consistent use of the First-Then board, individuals develop clear rules and routines. This, over time, helps reduce anxiety and fosters autonomy.

6. Self-Regulation

Individuals who understand the First-Then concept will increasingly internalize this approach and become more and more able to complete tasks they prefer on their own.

7. Provide immediate feedback

Increases motivation and provides a sense of accomplishment for completing tasks by instantly showing progress and expectations.

It is especially effective in supporting ** activity transitions, time management, task completion, and expected behavior **!

 

How to use the board

1) Prepare the board : Prepare a board with two spaces, “First” and “Then”, or three spaces, “First, Next, Then”.

2) Activity Selection : Place your less preferred activities in “First” and your preferred activities in “Then.”

3) Use visual cues : Use pictures, drawings, text, etc. to display on the board.

4) Present the board : Explain in simple, clear language and show the board.

5) Provide immediate rewards : Offer the “Then” activity immediately after completing the “First” task.

6) Maintain consistency : Use it repeatedly to learn expectations.

Materials and production method

- Please print and laminate the template for durability.

- Use Velcro to attach removable photos or picture cards.

- To write text, use an erasable marker on the laminated surface.

- Allows you to visually see what needs to be done with various cards

 

Download the Everbloom Path free board

Visual Schedule Part 1: Today's To-Do List, First-Then, Morning-Afternoon